Essential Collocations for IELTS, TOEFL, and PTE: 10 Major Topics

Collocations are powerful word combinations that help your English sound more natural and academic. In IELTS Writing and Speaking, the right collocation can boost your lexical resource score and make your arguments more convincing. But their usefulness doesn’t stop there—these collocations are equally valuable for students preparing for other proficiency tests such as TOEFL and PTE, where clear, fluent, and academic English is essential.

In this post, we’ve compiled a comprehensive list of useful and effective collocations, organized into 10 major academic and test-related categories such as Education, Work & Employment, Environment, Government & Society, Technology, Health, Culture & Media, Transport & Infrastructure, Family & Relationships, and Economy & Consumerism.

Whether you are preparing for IELTS Writing Task 2 essays, want to express your ideas more fluently in Speaking tasks of IELTS or PTE, or need advanced vocabulary for TOEFL integrated writing and speaking, this list will serve as your go-to academic vocabulary resource.

1. Education

School systems and curriculum

standardized curriculum → Many countries adopt a standardized curriculum to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students.
national assessment → Students must pass national assessments before progressing to higher education.
core subjects → Mathematics and science are often considered core subjects in most school systems.
academic performance → Teachers use various methods to evaluate students’ academic performance.
extracurricular activities → Participation in extracurricular activities can help students develop leadership and teamwork skills.
holistic development → Schools should focus not only on grades but also on students’ holistic development.
educational inequality → Rural areas often suffer from educational inequality due to lack of resources.
curriculum reform → Curriculum reform is necessary to make education relevant to modern job markets.
vocational training → Vocational training equips students with practical skills required for employment.
literacy rate → The literacy rate has significantly improved thanks to government-funded education programs.

Online learning vs traditional classrooms

virtual classrooms → Virtual classrooms allow students from different countries to learn together.
distance learning → Distance learning provides flexible opportunities for those who cannot attend in person.
blended learning → Blended learning combines online resources with face-to-face sessions.
digital platforms → Students use digital platforms to submit assignments and access study material.
interactive sessions → Interactive sessions make online classes more engaging for learners.
face-to-face interaction → Face-to-face interaction helps build stronger relationships between teachers and students.
peer collaboration → Group projects encourage peer collaboration and knowledge sharing.
hands-on experience → Traditional classrooms often provide more hands-on experience compared to online learning.
flexible learning schedule → One advantage of e-learning is the flexible learning schedule it offers.
access to resources → The internet gives students wider access to educational resources than libraries alone.

Role of teachers and technology

student-centered learning → Modern schools promote student-centered learning rather than teacher-led lectures.
pedagogical approaches → Different pedagogical approaches are required to meet diverse learning needs.
classroom management → Good classroom management ensures a productive learning environment.
teacher-student interaction → Teacher-student interaction plays a vital role in motivating learners.
technological integration → Technological integration has transformed traditional classrooms into smart classrooms.
digital literacy → Digital literacy is essential for both teachers and students in the 21st century.
innovative teaching methods → Teachers are encouraged to adopt innovative teaching methods to engage learners.
reliance on technology → Excessive reliance on technology may reduce critical thinking among students.
personalized feedback → Online systems allow teachers to give personalized feedback instantly.
interactive whiteboards → Interactive whiteboards make lessons more engaging and visually appealing.

Importance of higher education

academic qualifications → Higher academic qualifications often lead to better job opportunities.
intellectual growth → University life contributes significantly to a student’s intellectual growth.
critical thinking skills → Higher education encourages students to develop critical thinking skills.
job prospects → Graduates with degrees in technology have excellent job prospects.
higher tuition fees → Many students are discouraged by the higher tuition fees of prestigious universities.
student debt → Rising student debt is a major issue for young graduates worldwide.
research opportunities → Universities offer research opportunities for students interested in academia.
lifelong learning → Higher education promotes the culture of lifelong learning.
employability skills → Employability skills such as communication and teamwork are enhanced at universities.
professional advancement → A master’s degree can contribute greatly to professional advancement.

Click Here For Education Related Collocation Activities & Exercises

2. Work & Employment

Job satisfaction and career choices

job security → Many employees prioritize job security over higher wages.
career advancement → Opportunities for career advancement motivate long-term employees.
promotion opportunities → Small firms often lack promotion opportunities for staff.
employee turnover → High employee turnover increases recruitment costs for companies.
professional growth → In-house training supports professional growth and retention.
rewarding career → Teaching can be a highly rewarding career for many people.
competitive salary → Graduates look for positions that offer a competitive salary.
meaningful work → Volunteers often choose jobs that provide meaningful work.
job prospects → A degree in IT improves job prospects significantly.
work-related stress → Work-related stress can lead to reduced productivity and health problems.

Remote work and work-life balance

flexible working hours → Flexible working hours help parents balance work and childcare.
telecommuting trend → The telecommuting trend has reshaped urban commuting patterns.
digital collaboration tools → Teams depend on digital collaboration tools for remote projects.
blurred boundaries → Remote work sometimes creates blurred boundaries between home and office.
productivity levels → Some employees report higher productivity levels while working remotely.
family commitments → Flexible schedules allow staff to manage family commitments better.
time management → Good time management is essential for successful teleworking.
reduced commuting time → Reduced commuting time improves overall quality of life.
virtual meetings → Virtual meetings have replaced many routine face-to-face briefings.
workplace isolation → Prolonged remote work can cause workplace isolation for new hires.

Youth unemployment

labor market demand → Youth employment depends largely on current labor market demand.
entry-level positions → Many graduates struggle to secure entry-level positions.
vocational skills → Vocational skills training reduces the gap between education and employment.
job mismatch → A job mismatch occurs when graduates’ skills don’t meet employers’ needs.
economic recession → During an economic recession youth unemployment tends to rise.
social unrest → High youth unemployment can contribute to social unrest.
government intervention → Government intervention is needed to fund apprenticeship schemes.
internship opportunities → Internship opportunities give young people valuable work experience.
job creation policies → Job creation policies stimulate employment in high-growth sectors.
unemployment benefits → Unemployment benefits provide short-term financial relief to jobseekers.

Gender equality in the workplace

gender pay gap → Closing the gender pay gap remains a major policy goal.
equal opportunities → Companies must ensure equal opportunities for promotion and training.
workplace diversity → Workplace diversity enhances creativity and problem-solving.
breaking stereotypes → Education plays a role in breaking occupational stereotypes.
glass ceiling → Many women still encounter a glass ceiling at senior levels.
maternity leave policies → Progressive maternity leave policies support working mothers.
inclusive environment → An inclusive environment increases employee morale and retention.
leadership roles → Efforts are under way to increase women in leadership roles.
gender bias → Awareness training can help reduce gender bias during hiring.
work-life integration → Flexible policies improve work-life integration for all staff.

Click Here For Work & Employment Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

3. Environment

Climate change and pollution

greenhouse gas emissions → Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is vital to slow warming.
rising sea levels → Rising sea levels threaten low-lying coastal communities.
global warming → Global warming alters rainfall patterns and agricultural cycles.
carbon footprint → Individuals can shrink their carbon footprint by using public transit.
industrial waste → Improper disposal of industrial waste contaminates rivers.
air quality deterioration → Air quality deterioration affects respiratory health in cities.
climate crisis → Many experts describe the situation as an unfolding climate crisis.
biodiversity loss → Habitat destruction accelerates biodiversity loss around the world.
sustainable practices → Businesses are adopting sustainable practices to attract conscious consumers.
environmental regulations → Stricter environmental regulations limit hazardous emissions from factories.

Conservation and sustainability

wildlife protection → International treaties support wildlife protection and anti-poaching efforts.
forest preservation → Forest preservation helps to conserve biodiversity and sequester carbon.
sustainable agriculture → Sustainable agriculture reduces chemical runoff and soil erosion.
eco-friendly lifestyle → An eco-friendly lifestyle can reduce household waste dramatically.
water conservation → Water conservation is urgent in drought-prone regions.
recycling initiatives → Recycling initiatives in cities have cut landfill volumes.
waste management → Effective waste management reduces pollution and health hazards.
environmental awareness → Environmental awareness campaigns encourage community participation.
natural habitat → Urban expansion often fragments the natural habitat of wildlife.
conservation efforts → Local conservation efforts can protect migratory bird routes.

Renewable energy vs fossil fuels

solar power → Investment in solar power has grown because panels are cheaper.
wind turbines → Offshore wind turbines produce large amounts of clean energy.
hydroelectric energy → Hydroelectric energy provides reliable baseload power in some regions.
clean technology → Clean technology investments create jobs and lower emissions.
fossil fuel dependency → Many economies struggle to reduce fossil fuel dependency quickly.
energy transition → An equitable energy transition requires policy and training programs.
sustainable energy sources → Governments subsidize sustainable energy sources to encourage adoption.
coal consumption → A drop in coal consumption has improved urban air quality.
nuclear power → Some argue nuclear power is necessary for low-carbon baseload energy.
renewable infrastructure → Building renewable infrastructure needs significant upfront capital.

Urbanization and its impact

rapid urban growth → Rapid urban growth places pressure on housing and services.
rural-to-urban migration → Rural-to-urban migration increases demand for city jobs and housing.
urban sprawl → Unchecked urban sprawl consumes valuable farmland and habitats.
infrastructure development → Infrastructure development must keep pace with population increases.
housing shortages → Housing shortages push rental prices beyond many residents’ means.
traffic congestion → Traffic congestion wastes time and raises pollution levels.
overcrowded cities → Overcrowded cities struggle to provide adequate sanitation services.
air pollution → Transport and industry are major contributors to urban air pollution.
urban planning policies → Progressive urban planning policies can create greener cities.
quality of life → Access to parks and services improves urban residents’ quality of life.

Click Here For Environment Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

4. Government & Society

Law enforcement and crime prevention

criminal justice system → Reforming the criminal justice system can reduce recidivism.
law-abiding citizens → Law-abiding citizens expect fair and effective policing.
community policing → Community policing builds trust between officers and residents.
crime rate reduction → Investing in education contributes to long-term crime rate reduction.
rehabilitation programs → Rehabilitation programs help ex-offenders reintegrate into society.
strict legislation → Strict legislation must be paired with enforcement to be effective.
public safety → Street lighting and patrols enhance public safety at night.
juvenile delinquency → Early intervention reduces juvenile delinquency rates.
capital punishment → Debates about capital punishment often focus on morality and deterrence.
organized crime → Organized crime syndicates exploit weak regulatory systems.

Public services and taxation

healthcare provision → Sustained funding is required for universal healthcare provision.
social welfare system → A robust social welfare system protects the vulnerable in crises.
public expenditure → Priorities in public expenditure reflect social and political values.
taxpayer money → Taxpayer money should be allocated transparently to public projects.
government subsidies → Government subsidies can nurture nascent industries and farmers.
public sector employment → Public sector employment offers stability for many households.
infrastructure funding → Long-term infrastructure funding needs multi-year commitments.
progressive taxation → Progressive taxation aims to reduce income inequality.
budget deficit → A growing budget deficit may force cuts to public services.
financial transparency → Financial transparency increases public trust in governments.

Democracy and civic responsibility

electoral process → A transparent electoral process is foundational to democracy.
voting rights → Protecting voting rights ensures inclusive political participation.
political participation → Youth political participation has surged in some countries.
public opinion → Public opinion shapes policy priorities during election cycles.
civic duty → Many citizens view voting as an essential civic duty.
democratic principles → Democratic principles include free press and separation of powers.
freedom of expression → Freedom of expression allows citizens to critique leaders.
corruption scandals → Corruption scandals can erode trust and spark protests.
accountability measures → Independent oversight bodies are key accountability measures.
parliamentary debate → Parliamentary debate helps refine and challenge proposed laws.

Immigration and multiculturalism

cultural integration → Programs for language training support cultural integration.
ethnic minorities → Policies should ensure equal rights for ethnic minorities.
border control → Balanced border control protects security while honoring asylum laws.
asylum seekers → Asylum seekers often flee persecution and need protection.
immigration policy → An effective immigration policy balances economic and social needs.
cultural diversity → Cultural diversity enriches cuisine, arts and innovation.
racial discrimination → Racial discrimination persists despite anti-discrimination laws in some places.
social cohesion → Community projects can strengthen social cohesion across groups.
integration challenges → Integration challenges include language barriers and credential recognition.
multicultural society → A multicultural society celebrates different traditions and holidays.

Click Here For Government & Society Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

5. Technology

Impact of social media

online presence → A professional online presence helps graduates find jobs.
virtual communities → Virtual communities connect people with niche interests worldwide.
digital influencers → Digital influencers shape trends among younger consumers.
cyberbullying cases → Schools must address cyberbullying cases promptly and effectively.
fake news circulation → Fake news circulation undermines trust in mainstream media.
privacy concerns → Privacy concerns push platforms to strengthen user controls.
addictive behavior → Design features can encourage addictive behavior in some users.
social networking platforms → Social networking platforms enable rapid information sharing.
online harassment → Victims of online harassment need simple reporting mechanisms.
digital footprint → Students should manage their digital footprint from an early age.

Artificial intelligence and automation

machine learning algorithms → Machine learning algorithms power many recommendation systems.
autonomous vehicles → Autonomous vehicles could change urban transport in coming decades.
smart devices → Smart devices gather data to improve user convenience.
workplace automation → Workplace automation increases efficiency but can displace routine jobs.
technological disruption → Technological disruption forces industries to retrain their workforces.
ethical concerns → Ethical concerns about AI include bias and lack of transparency.
robotics industry → The robotics industry is expanding into healthcare and logistics.
human-AI collaboration → Human-AI collaboration often produces better outcomes than machines alone.
unemployment risks → Automation raises unemployment risks for routine manual occupations.
advanced computing → Advanced computing enables large-scale data analysis for research.

Privacy and data security

personal information leakage → Firms must prevent personal information leakage with strong security.
cybersecurity threats → Cybersecurity threats pose risks to national infrastructure.
identity theft → Victims of identity theft often face a lengthy recovery process.
data encryption → Data encryption protects sensitive information in transit and storage.
unauthorized access → Unauthorized access to systems can harm customers and reputations.
online fraud → Banks invest heavily to detect and prevent online fraud.
strict regulations → Strict regulations like data protection laws shape corporate practices.
data protection laws → Data protection laws require clear user consent before processing data.
surveillance systems → Widespread surveillance systems raise privacy and civil liberty concerns.
user consent → Obtaining explicit user consent is essential for lawful data usage.

Technology in education and healthcare

e-learning platforms → Universities use e-learning platforms for hybrid courses.
online assessment tools → Online assessment tools allow rapid, automated feedback to students.
digital healthcare → Digital healthcare includes telemedicine and health tracking apps.
telemedicine services → Telemedicine services expanded access in remote communities.
electronic records → Electronic records speed up referrals between doctors.
health monitoring apps → Health monitoring apps help patients manage chronic illnesses.
assistive technologies → Assistive technologies enable access for students with disabilities.
AI diagnosis systems → AI diagnosis systems support clinicians but require careful validation.
medical databases → Medical databases support epidemiological research and policy.
educational apps → Educational apps make language learning interactive for young learners.

Click For Technology Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

6. Health

Mental health awareness

emotional well-being → Schools should foster students’ emotional well-being alongside academics.
psychological disorders → Early detection of psychological disorders improves recovery chances.
counseling services → Counseling services are crucial in university mental health provision.
stigma reduction → Public campaigns play a role in stigma reduction around mental illness.
coping strategies → Teaching coping strategies helps people handle stress constructively.
mental resilience → Mental resilience helps individuals recover after personal setbacks.
therapeutic treatment → Access to therapeutic treatment varies across regions.
early intervention → Early intervention programs reduce long-term costs and suffering.
support networks → Strong support networks are essential for recovery from trauma.
self-care practices → Daily self-care practices improve overall mental health.

Diet and exercise

balanced diet → A balanced diet supports growth and cognitive function in children.
physical fitness → Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health and mood.
regular workout → A regular workout routine helps maintain a healthy weight.
calorie intake → Monitoring calorie intake can assist in effective weight management.
junk food consumption → Excessive junk food consumption is linked to obesity.
sedentary lifestyle → A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of chronic disease.
nutritious meals → Preparing nutritious meals at home boosts family health.
eating disorders → Eating disorders require specialist medical and psychological care.
weight management → Sustainable weight management combines diet and regular activity.
active lifestyle → An active lifestyle reduces the risk of many chronic illnesses.

Healthcare systems

universal healthcare → Universal healthcare aims to provide care for all citizens.
primary care services → Strong primary care services prevent expensive hospital admissions.
medical facilities → Rural medical facilities often lack advanced diagnostic equipment.
health insurance coverage → Health insurance coverage reduces out-of-pocket costs for families.
patient care quality → Continuous training improves patient care quality in hospitals.
public hospitals → Public hospitals serve large segments of the population affordably.
private healthcare sector → The private healthcare sector offers faster access to specialists.
medical expenditure → Rising medical expenditure pressures government budgets.
shortage of doctors → A shortage of doctors impairs access to essential services.
waiting times → Long waiting times are a common criticism of public systems.

Role of government in public health

vaccination campaigns → Mass vaccination campaigns can curb infectious disease outbreaks.
health regulations → Health regulations ensure safety in food and workplaces.
disease prevention programs → Disease prevention programs reduce long-term healthcare costs.
healthcare funding → Increased healthcare funding improves equipment and staffing.
anti-smoking initiatives → Anti-smoking initiatives lower rates of lung disease over time.
sanitation facilities → Improved sanitation facilities are vital for public health.
emergency response → Efficient emergency response systems save lives during disasters.
public health awareness → Public health awareness campaigns inform citizens about risks.
national health policies → National health policies set priorities for resource allocation.
preventive measures → Preventive measures such as screenings detect disease early.

Click For Health Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

7. Culture & Media

Influence of advertising

consumer behavior → Advertising strongly shapes consumer behavior in competitive markets.
brand loyalty → High product quality nurtures strong brand loyalty.
persuasive techniques → Advertisers use persuasive techniques to influence buying decisions.
false claims → Regulators penalize companies that make false claims in ads.
marketing strategies → Integrated marketing strategies combine online and offline campaigns.
target audience → Identifying a clear target audience boosts ad effectiveness.
product placement → Product placement in films subtly promotes consumer goods.
celebrity endorsements → Celebrity endorsements can increase product visibility quickly.
advertising revenue → Advertising revenue funds many free digital services.
consumer manipulation → Ethical concerns arise over consumer manipulation in aggressive ads.

Role of art and music

cultural identity → Art and music express and preserve cultural identity.
creative expression → Creative expression contributes to emotional wellbeing and innovation.
musical heritage → Preserving musical heritage maintains links to the past.
art exhibitions → Art exhibitions attract tourists and showcase local talent.
emotional impact → Music often has a deep emotional impact on listeners.
traditional crafts → Supporting traditional crafts keeps artisanal skills alive.
performing arts → Funding performing arts strengthens a city’s cultural life.
cultural festivals → Cultural festivals promote cross-cultural exchange.
artistic talent → Scholarships help nurture emerging artistic talent.
musical composition → Studying musical composition develops analytical skills.

Cultural preservation vs globalization

traditional customs → Protecting traditional customs helps sustain cultural diversity.
cultural erosion → Global media can accelerate cultural erosion in smaller societies.
global culture → Global culture spreads rapidly via film and the internet.
cultural exchange → Student exchanges encourage cultural exchange and mutual respect.
heritage sites → Heritage sites require protection from mass tourism damage.
language preservation → Language preservation programs keep minority dialects alive.
cultural homogenization → Cultural homogenization often accompanies economic globalization.
indigenous practices → Recording indigenous practices preserves invaluable knowledge.
world heritage protection → World heritage protection needs international collaboration.
cross-cultural influence → Cross-cultural influence enriches cuisine and the arts.

Censorship and freedom of speech

freedom of expression → Freedom of expression is essential for democratic debate.
media restrictions → Media restrictions can limit citizens’ access to diverse viewpoints.
political censorship → Political censorship undermines government accountability.
artistic freedom → Artists often campaign for greater artistic freedom.
public debate → Open public debate fosters better policy making.
controversial opinions → Universities are key forums for discussing controversial opinions.
information control → Information control by state media raises bias concerns.
online censorship → Online censorship affects global platforms in different ways.
hate speech → Laws try to balance free speech with limits on hate speech.
civil liberties → Protecting civil liberties remains central to human rights work.

Click Here For Culture & Media Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

8. Transport & Infrastructure

Public transport vs private vehicles

affordable fares → Affordable fares encourage more people to use public transport.
traffic congestion → Expanding public transit reduces traffic congestion in cities.
reliable services → Commuters choose public transport when services are reliable.
overcrowded buses → Overcrowded buses discourage off-peak travel.
car ownership → Rising car ownership increases demand for parking space.
fuel efficiency → Improving fuel efficiency lowers household travel costs.
public transport network → A dense public transport network boosts economic mobility.
environmental impact → Private vehicles have a larger environmental impact per passenger.
parking problems → Parking problems in city centres create planning challenges.
transport subsidies → Transport subsidies help low-income commuters afford travel.

Traffic congestion and urban planning

road expansion → Road expansion alone often fails to solve congestion long term.
traffic jams → Regular traffic jams increase fuel consumption and commute stress.
peak hours → Transit operators add services during peak hours to meet demand.
alternative routes → Developing alternative routes can ease pressure on main roads.
public transport investment → Public transport investment is crucial for sustainable cities.
smart traffic systems → Smart traffic systems optimize signal timings to improve flow.
urban design → Progressive urban design prioritizes pedestrians and cyclists.
cycle-friendly infrastructure → Cycle-friendly infrastructure encourages healthier commuting choices.
pedestrian zones → Pedestrian zones revitalize downtown areas and reduce emissions.
transport policies → Transport policies must align with environmental and social goals.

Air travel and its environmental impact

carbon emissions → Air travel’s carbon emissions are significant per passenger kilometer.
frequent flyers → Frequent flyers contribute disproportionately to aviation emissions.
fuel consumption → Newer aircraft reduce fuel consumption per seat.
international tourism → International tourism supports many economies but increases emissions.
low-cost airlines → Low-cost airlines have expanded access to air travel.
aviation industry → The aviation industry is exploring sustainable aviation fuels.
noise pollution → Noise pollution around airports affects nearby residential areas.
flight delays → Flight delays frustrate passengers and disrupt schedules.
global connectivity → Air travel is vital for global connectivity and trade.
carbon offset programs → Carbon offset programs allow passengers to mitigate flight emissions.

Click Here For Transport & Infrastructure Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

9. Family & Relationships 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

Parenting styles

strict discipline → Strict discipline may produce obedience but can harm creativity.
authoritarian parents → Authoritarian parents set rules with little room for negotiation.
permissive upbringing → A permissive upbringing can lead to lack of self-discipline.
supportive environment → A supportive environment helps children thrive academically and emotionally.
emotional bonding → Emotional bonding between parent and child is crucial for development.
single-parent families → Single-parent families often manage with limited time and resources.
parental involvement → Parental involvement in schooling boosts student achievement.
child neglect → Child neglect has serious long-term psychological consequences.
positive reinforcement → Positive reinforcement encourages desirable behaviour more than punishment.
nurturing care → Consistent nurturing care fosters secure attachments in infants.

Generational differences

generation gap → A generation gap can complicate family decision-making.
traditional values → Older generations sometimes stress traditional values and conformity.
modern lifestyle → Many young people prefer a more modern lifestyle than their parents.
cultural shift → Rapid cultural shifts change expectations about careers and marriage.
digital natives → Digital natives find new technologies intuitive and essential.
elderly population → An ageing elderly population raises pension and care concerns.
family conflicts → Family conflicts often arise from differing expectations across generations.
intergenerational communication → Open intergenerational communication reduces misunderstandings.
respect for elders → Respect for elders is a deeply rooted cultural norm in many places.
changing attitudes → Changing attitudes toward gender roles reflect broader social change.

Marriage and divorce trends

marital stability → Economic pressures can reduce marital stability in young couples.
divorce rates → Some countries have experienced rising divorce rates over decades.
cohabiting couples → Cohabiting couples may choose to delay marriage for financial reasons.
long-term commitment → Long-term commitment requires communication and compromise.
domestic disputes → Domestic disputes sometimes lead to legal and social intervention.
child custody → Child custody decisions prioritize the child’s best interests.
financial independence → Financial independence empowers individuals to leave unhealthy relationships.
marital breakdown → Marital breakdown can affect children’s emotional wellbeing.
wedding expenses → Rising wedding expenses force some couples to choose smaller ceremonies.
prenuptial agreements → Prenuptial agreements clarify financial expectations before marriage.

Click Here For Family & Relationships Collocation Related Activities & Exercises

10. Economy & Consumerism 💰

Spending habits and saving

disposable income → Higher disposable income often boosts consumer spending.
saving culture → A strong saving culture helps households cope with shocks.
consumer spending → Consumer spending is a key driver of short-term growth.
financial planning → Early financial planning improves long-term security.
economic recession → During an economic recession consumers cut back on luxuries.
rising living costs → Rising living costs squeeze household budgets and savings.
household budget → Maintaining a household budget helps track expenses effectively.
excessive consumption → Excessive consumption contributes to environmental degradation.
saving schemes → Government saving schemes incentivize long-term investment.
purchasing power → Inflation erodes purchasing power over time.

Global trade and local businesses

international markets → Access to international markets expands opportunities for exporters.
trade agreements → Trade agreements can lower tariffs and stimulate exports.
import-export balance → A sustainable import-export balance stabilizes the currency.
small enterprises → Small enterprises form the backbone of local economies.
local economy → Buying local supports the local economy and jobs.
global supply chain → Disruptions in the global supply chain affect production schedules.
economic growth → Export growth contributes to faster national economic growth.
free trade policies → Free trade policies are debated for their local impact.
domestic industries → Domestic industries sometimes need protection to mature.
multinational corporations → Multinational corporations influence global pricing and standards.

Consumer rights and advertising

false advertising → Consumers can take action against false advertising claims.
product quality → Strict standards protect consumers by ensuring product quality.
customer satisfaction → Customer satisfaction drives repeat purchases and referrals.
refund policies → Clear refund policies increase consumer confidence in purchases.
consumer awareness → Consumer awareness campaigns teach people about their rights.
unfair trade practices → Regulators investigate unfair trade practices to protect buyers.
ethical marketing → Ethical marketing builds long-term trust with customers.
misleading information → Advertising regulators ban misleading information in promotions.
legal protection → Legal protection for consumers varies across different jurisdictions.
advertising standards → Advertising standards ensure commercial messages are truthful.

Click Here For Economy & Consumerism Collocation Related Activities & Exercises