Read the passage and answer the questions.
Passage: Diagnosing and Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction. Diagnosis is confirmed via fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or a 2-hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test.
Initial management includes lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and weight loss. Pharmacological options begin with metformin, unless contraindicated. Additional agents include SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and sulfonylureas, chosen based on cardiovascular risk, renal function, and patient preference.
Regular monitoring of HbA1c every 3–6 months is recommended. Complications include neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Early screening and patient education are key to long-term control.
Questions (Part C)
11. What are the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes?
