True, false, not given Ex

Original Sentence: "The research, which surveyed over 10,000 participants, suggests a correlation between daily meditation and reduced stress levels, but it does not prove causation."

1. The research proved that meditation causes reduced stress.

Goal: To train your eye to spot limiting words that are often the key to the answer.

Instructions: Highlight the “qualifier” word in each statement that would be crucial for finding the answer in the text.

• Example: “The museum is always closed on Mondays.” (The text might say “usually,” making this False).

Your Turn: Highlight the crucial qualifier.

1. Solar power is the most efficient renewable energy source.
2. The theory was universally accepted by scientists.
3. The device can only be operated by trained personnel.

Step 2: The Integrated Set — Applying Skills in Context

Now, let’s apply your sharpened skills to a single, focused paragraph.

Activity 2.1: The Paragraph Probe & Evidence Highlighter

Goal: To move from understanding to action by physically identifying the evidence.

Instructions: Read the paragraph below. For each statement, you must perform two tasks:
A. Decide if it is TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.
B. Highlight the exact words in the paragraph that prove your answer for TRUE or FALSE. For NOT GIVEN, write “No evidence.”

• Text:
  “The invention of the printing press in the 15th century by Johannes Gutenberg is widely considered a pivotal moment in human history. It mechanized the process of printing, making books cheaper and more accessible than ever before. This, in turn, facilitated the rapid spread of scientific ideas and religious reforms during the Renaissance and Reformation. However, it’s a common misconception that Gutenberg was the first to develop movable type; primitive versions had existed in East Asia centuries earlier.”

Statement 1: The printing press reduced the cost of books.

It’s time to put it all together. Use the skills you’ve honed on a full-length, exam-style passage.

The Final Challenge:

Read the following passage and answer the TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN questions. Time yourself: you have 6 minutes (the standard IELTS pace).

Passage: The Sleep-Wake Cycle

The human sleep-wake cycle is a roughly 24-hour internal clock known as the circadian rhythm. This rhythm is primarily regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny region in the brain’s hypothalamus. The SCN responds to light cues received through the eyes, signaling the body to be awake during the day and sleep at night. The hormone melatonin plays a crucial role in this process; its production is suppressed by light and increases in darkness, promoting sleep.

While light is the most powerful influencer, other factors like meal times, social activity, and temperature can also slightly adjust the cycle. Disruption to the circadian rhythm, such as that experienced by shift workers or during jet lag, has been linked to various health issues, including sleep disorders, depression, and a weakened immune system. Some studies suggest that adolescents have a naturally delayed circadian rhythm, explaining why many teenagers prefer to stay up late and sleep in.

Questions:

1. The circadian rhythm is controlled by a specific part of the brain.